This is in general, resulting from the cultural contact with Britishers. A perfect example of westernization, or more specifically western feminism, would be the argument of the westernwomen verses the hijab. Evidence suggests that Peters advisers recommended the abolition of serfdom and the creation of a form of limited freedom, but the gap between slaves and serfs shrank considerably under Peter. . Mohanty, Chandra. Westernization traces its roots back to Ancient Greece, where the concepts of arts and democracy first took hold. Government departments in Imperial Russia established in 1717 by Peter the Great. 2023. [29], In Iran, the process of Westernization dates back to the country's attempt to westernize during the beginning of the 1930s, which was dictated by Shah Rez Khan and continued by his son during the Cold War and agitated the largely conservative Shia Muslim masses of the country which was partly responsible for the 1979 Iranian Revolution.[30]. Westernization in ChinaIn China, many people are appreciative of what westernization has brought, but they are wary of what it may bring. These changes also brought about western foods into the Japanese diet. During colonialism it often involved the spread of Christianity.[1]. As mentioned, we were under Ottoman rule for 500 years until 1878. Therefore, learning about each other's cuisines, history, art, language, literature, and ways of expression becomes a must. However, upon obtaining freedom, Bulgaria quickly became under Western influence, and French vocabulary infiltrated the language in aims to replace Turkish words. [25], Huntington believed that while the age of ideology had ended, the world had only reverted to a normal state of affairs characterized by cultural conflict. We were conditioned to believe that if we hadnt been subjugated by the Ottoman Empire for 500 years, we could also have had brilliant artists, poets and scientists of the same rank as the ones to the West; we could also have had the same progress. Globalization is happening in various aspects, ranging from economics, politics, and even food or culture. Mahbubani counters this argument in his other book, The New Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistible Shift of Global Power to the East. https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/, Discuss the reasons why Peter worked so hard to forcibly westernize Russia. Often it was regarded as opposite to the worldwide influence of communism. Before westernization, my mother listened to traditional Chinese songs such as the national anthem, and the variety was very little. Even in countries where large populations of indigenous people remain or the indigenous peoples have mixed (mestizo) considerably with European settlers, such as: Mexico, Peru, Panama, Suriname, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Belize, Paraguay, South Africa, Colombia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Guyana, El Salvador, Jamaica, Cuba, or Nicaragua, relative marginalisation still exists. Westernization as a whole has both positive and negative aspects. that is what is thought of us by the world, but of course being American is much bigger than just eating donuts [], This past weekend on October 26, 2019, I attended the 36th annual Viva La Vida Parade and Festival in Austin, Texas. The power that language holds is very evident in the different connotations words such as slaves versus enslaved people hold. But acquiring proficiency in any foreign language is made up of much more than speaking and writing. This is most visible in settler colonies such as: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, and to a lesser extent, in some Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, and Uruguay, where the traditional indigenous population has been predominantly replaced demographically by non-indigenous settlers due to transmitted disease and conflict. the adoption of the practices, and cultures of Western Europe, by societies and countries in other parts of the world, whether through compulsion or influence. But unlike the mixed opinions that China harbors, South Korea expresses a different attitude towards westernization. Well, it only makes sense that the countries and nations that have been dominant throughout history by having colonized many lands and diminished plenty of cultures, become the prevalent culture of referral. The new steam ships, billowing with smoke, amazed the Japanese, who, because of their stern isolationism, had yet to have contact with Western industrialization. The industrial age brought breakthrough innovations such as automobiles, radio, telephone, appliances, television, and today the Internet and social media. First, westernization can be viewed from the perspective of the non-western nations. By clicking Continue, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. After men cut their hair, they began to wear Western style hats and carry umbrellas and pocket watches. westernization meaning: 1. the process of westernizing a person or a country (= causing ideas or ways of life that are. All of this, is consequently also amplified through the lens of globalization, and the digitalization and expansion of communication. Peter also introduced critical social reform. Other examples include how countries typically opt for a cultural assimilation model, in which minority and underrepresented foreigners, expats, refugees, and immigrants are forced to resemble societys majority group or assume their values, behaviors, and beliefs either fully or partially. Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. The Empire took some innovations from the West. 2018 Jun 23 [cited 2023 May 1]. An example of Westernization: Meiji period, Japan, Prince Yorihito Higashifushimi in typical Western naval dress uniform with white gloves, epaulettes, medals and hat. One of Peters major goals was reducing the influence of the boyars, who stressed Slavicsupremacy and opposed European influence. It proposes that a new global civilization is being created. Their legal status was close to that of serfs but in reality closest to that of slaves. (Seeing Muslim Women) However, the majority of the time this ideal could not be farther from the truth. Eating burgers and having fireworks for the 4th of July. By doing this we can be sure that no country feels as if we are imposing our culture on to them and also better the global world as we know it today. You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers. The role we should really be focusing on is increasing global health, education, and providing aid to war stricken countries. A period of decolonization began. As a result, Turkey is one of the most Westernized majority-Muslim nations. Western culture or Western civilization is called a loosely defined set of countries, cultures, languages and religions typical of the Western Hemisphere of the world, as opposed to Eastern cultures or civilizations, those of the East of the planet . Westernization began with traders, colonizers, and missionaries from western Europe who believed that their way of life was superior to those of the peoples in the countries to which they traveled. Heavily influenced by his advisers from Western Europe, he reorganized the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a maritime power. By definition, the concept of Westernization refers to the adoption of the practices, and cultures of Western Europe, by societies and countries in other parts of the world, whether through compulsion or influence. Traditionally, the years were reckoned from the purported creation of the world, but after Peters reforms, they were to be counted from the birth of Christ. He also commanded all of his courtiers and officials to wear European clothing and cut off their long beards, causing great upset among boyars, or the feudal elites. Itwas formally abolished in 1917 by the newly established Bolshevik government. Overall, Peter created a state that further . Thus, "the West" acts as a construction in the similar way as does "the Orient" it is a created notion to justify a particular set of power relations, in this case, the colonization and rule of a foreign country. It is up for debate as to whether or not these two aspects balance each other out. Not all women want or feel the same things. Westernization in South Korean South Korea, the US is regarded as a symbol of urbanization, modernization, and freedom. Corrections? K-pop music videos also exhibit the western trend of focusing on telling a story through the music video rather than performing or dancing. Nisbett points out that Western philosophers emphasised freedom and independence, whereas Eastern traditions like Taoism tended to focus on concepts of unity. But this appreciation for western culture is not felt by everyone in China. It had greatly changed the educational system in Japan by creating a new system for compulsory schooling in 1871 (Western Effects on Japanese Culture During the Meiji Period). The definition of Western changed as the West was influenced by and spread to other nations. for example. He explains the decline of Western influence, stating reasons as to the loss of Western credibility with the rest of the world. Send us feedback about these examples. Living in a first world country, many Americans feel the need to provide aid to struggling countries. Tax and trade reforms enabled the Russian state to expand its treasury almost sixfold between 1680 and 1724. 52.5% received plastic surgery and 82.1% wanted to receive cosmetic surgery (Park 55). are overtaking many countries who have their own traditional entrees that they are custom to. Israel seems to be undergoing westernization, with more and more . and the Western Roman Empire broke apart soon after. The class of kholops, or feudallydependent persons similar to serfs, but whose status was closest to slavery, remained a major institution in Russia until 1723, when Peter converted household kholops into house serfs, thus including them in poll taxation (Russian agricultural kholops were formally converted into serfsin 1679). The "West" was originally defined as the Western world. Required fields are marked *. Westernization can, to a large extent, be attributed to colonialism, imperialism, fascism and other vicious systems of oppression and annihilation. The reason behind the drastic amount of college girls receiving plastic surgery is the belief that western faces are more attractive, with western physical traits such as double eyelids, pale skin, and a V-shaped chin. While it is true that during the rise of the Taliban this particular item of clothing became a requirement, many women wear a hijab because they are devout in their religion, because it is a large part of their identity, and a multitude of other reasons as well. [28] Though Western concepts may have initially played a role in creating this cultural shift in Taiwan, the market and desire for bridal photography has not continued without adjustments and social modifications to this Western notion. N.p., n.d Web. 8. The Romans emerged with a culture that grew into a new Western identity based on the Greco-Roman society. Below are the five most important global consequences of the Westernization process. His visits to the West impressed upon him the notion that European customs were in several respects superior to Russian traditions. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Westernization. They are pleased that other countries find western ideas, or in this case, music style to be appealing, but are hesitant to accept the westernized products from other countries because they believe the new products are lesser versions of the actual western product. And while these mental shortcuts provide easy ways to translate culturally significant elements to a new audience, we continuously perpetuate Western cultures and norms, while erasing the uniqueness of our own cultures. Similarly, the Spanish language is the main language for most countries in Latin America, as is the French language - across many countries on the African continent, again namely due to colonization. To get in contact with us for inquiries or possible partnerships. Regarding this claim, Said says, "Knowledge to Balfour means surveying a civilization from its origins to its prime to its decline and of course, it means being able toThe object of such knowledge is inherently vulnerable to scrutiny; this object is a fact' which, if it develops, changes, or otherwise transforms itself[the civilization] nevertheless is fundamentally, even ontologically stable. The new provinces were modeled on the Swedish system, in which larger, more politically important areas received more political autonomy, while smaller, more rural areas were controlled more directly by the state. Along with language being westernized, South Koreas music has also been highly influenced by western ideas. We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Many countries had Western types of government and military practices imposed on them. This theory proposes that Western thought has led to globalisation, and that globalisation propagates Western culture, leading to a cycle of Westernization. [31], The main characteristics are economic and political (free trade) democratisation, combined with the spread of an individualised culture. Western Culture Examples Rationalism: Rationalism emphasizes the importance of reason and logic in understanding the world. Peters government was constantly in dire need of money, and at first it responded by monopolizing certain strategic industries, such as salt, vodka, oak, and tar. 10.3 Examples of western culture in a Sentence; 10.4 Translation; 10.5 Word of the Day; 11 Western Countries 2021; 12 The Origin of the term "The Western World" 13 Westernization and the new Western World; 14 The Cold War West; 15 The Rich West; 16 The modern meaning of the Western World (the Latin . Non-Western countries can attempt to achieve isolation to preserve their own values and protect themselves from Western invasion. A new generation of technocrats soon supplanted the old boyar class and dominated the civil service in Russia. Web. The first time I experienced a cultural crossroads was when I went to China. For example, the use of new technology, dress, food, language, changes in habits and' way of living. By the time Peter the Great became tsar, Russia was the largest country in the world, stretching from the Baltic Seato the Pacific Ocean. This can be observed with the the way Muslim people are treated across Europe and the US, for example. She was now able to buy unnecessary goods such as hamburgers, fried chicken, and french fries, the staple of an American diet. Not only is westernization able to be seen in diet trends, it can also be seen through the style and clothing changes across Japan. Nowadays the Bulgarian language still uses many Turkish words and customs due to the attempted and somewhat successful cultural, religious and linguistic repression by the Ottoman Empire. To further expand on this idea, westernization will be examined in the countries of China, South Korea, and Japan. The last important change that my mother observed was the increase in tourism both to and from China. I too, as a Bulgarian myself, spent many of our history classes learning about the benefits Western countries reaped from colonialist times. In 1711, a new state body was established: the Governing Senate. In the novel, Fitzgerald criticizes the unattainability of the American Dream as well as the shallow nature of the upper [], Chinatown in New York was first established in about 1870s which is a Home for large numbers of Chinese immigrants to gather and live together in the United States. While history is set in stone, we can still make a conscious shift in our internal biases, for example, through the way we use language. The West has become increasingly biased and close-minded in their perception of "non-Western" countries such as China, declaring it an "un-free" country for not following a democratic form of government. By continuing to use this site, you agree to the use of cookies. Konglish uses English words but twists the pronunciation to fit Hangul (Korean language), and the Konglish words, when written, are distinctly Korean, so it still retains its original culture while using these half-English words. Samuel P. Huntington posits a conflict between "the West and the Rest" and offers three forms of general action that non-Western civilizations can react toward Western countries.[22]. In the 19th century, Korea started to send ambassadors to the foreign countries, other than Japan and China. Though it shares a similar historical background, the Western world is not a monolithic bloc, as many cultural, linguistic, religious, political, and economic differences exist between Western countries and populations. People seeking personal economic improvement; therefore, tend to attribute western characteristics by learning English, and Korean students generally prefer the United States as a place to learn the language. Living With Invisible Disabilities: An Interview. but they did not accept the British diet, dancing, hunting, and the casual attitude of the British about population. However, westernization a term emerged in the Indian context, when India was a colony of the British empire.when India was going through a transitional phase ( from being a colony to independent state), there was occurrence of many events, which resulted in westernization. Although Korea did not fully adopt the (mostly) equal society in terms of gender in America, the idea still penetrated society. There is an increasing perception that Western countries will prioritize their domestic problems over international issues, despite their spoken and written promises of having global interests and needs. Thus, as a result of westernization, Japan gained a new style of dining: fast food. We might find ourselves in a situation where we dont know how to describe a certain significant person of our nation or culture, and resort to using references such as. In Datsu-A Ron, "Westernization" was described as an "unavoidable" but "fruitful" change. The act of claiming coherent knowledge of a society in effect objectifies and others it into marginalization, making people who are classified into that race as "almost everywhere nearly the same." In South Korea, looks are heavily stressed in society and many young girls can feel the pressure put on them to look a certain way: Psychiatrist Ryu In-Kyun examined how many Korean college girls received plastic surgery in 2007. Moreover, the increase in fast food also contributed to the increase in fat intake, which demonstrates how an initially positive change can result in a negative consequence. Westernization of the world. Life in these countries went from watching mundane Chinese shows to humorous western shows, listening to traditional Korean music to K-pop infused with western music styles and English lyrics in South Korea, and from wearing traditional kimonos to business suits in Japan. The success of reform contributed greatly to Russias military successes and the increase in revenue and productivity. A thousand years later, the East-West Schism separated the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church from each other. Being globalized means taking positive aspects of the world, but globalization also brings the debate about being Westernized. On top of largely Western government systems such as democracy and constitution, many Western technologies and customs like music, clothing, and cars have been introduced across various parts of the world and copied and created in traditionally non-Western countries. 27 Jan. 2017. The Roman emperor Constantine established Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) as a new capital in the East in 330 C.E. The following countries or regions experienced a significant influence by the process of Westernization: Kishore Mahbubani's book entitled The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World (Public Affairs), is very optimistic.[why?] Student Center for Diversity Advocacy and Inclusion Groningen. In Korea, the first contact with Westernization was during the Chosun Dynasty, in the 17th century. The incorporation of English words into the Korean language is an obvious effect of westernization. And yes, we can have biases against our own cultures, too. While many Americans believe they are imposing basic human rights on to people, other countries opinions on what is right and wrong often differ from our own. His social reforms included the requirement of Western fashion in his court (including facial hair for men), attempts to end arranged marriages, and the introduction of the Julian Calendar in 1700. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'westernization.' This makes the event even more special and allows the Japanese to keep their traditional way of dress. They feel as if these third world women are oppressed and are forced to wear clothing that covers them. Accessed 1 May. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The solution was a sweeping new poll tax, which replaced a household tax on cultivated land. Urbanization, the social advancement of women, and changes in labor conditions led to a gradual decrease in the traditional scene of the family gathered around the table at mealtime. Many K-pop songs incorporate different western styles in them such as EDM (electronic dance music), rap, and R&B. Specific to Westernization and the non-Western culture, foreign societies tend to adopt changes in their social systems relative to Western ideology, lifestyle, and physical appearance, along with numerous other aspects, and shifts in culture patterns can be seen to take root as a community becomes acculturated to Western customs and characteristics in other words, Westernized. Whether you are familiar with the term or not, Westernization impacts people, organizations and countries from all around the world. He also created state-sanctioned handicraft shops in large cities, inspired by similar shops he had observed in the Netherlands, to provide products for the army. Although Westerners may not be very accepting of diluted versions of western products, those in Japan are very welcoming of western ideas. Indeed, Western clothing often seems to have been used as an accessory. Another big example would be the topic of food. Peter also pursued proto-protectionist trade policies, placing heavy tariffs on imports and trade to maintain a favorable environment for Russian-made goods. In the Eastern dialect of Japanese, the short form of the present tense for (desu) is (da). They were also encouraged to assume western European education systems, literary and artistic standards, and to convert to Christianity. This fascination is coinciding with the rise of the new golden age of quality television in America, with complex characters and unconventional storytelling. This unanimous decision reflects Chinese dissatisfaction with the American foreign policy, as they have experienced and seen how America treats other countries and are unhappy about it.

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