Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996). Some courts have decided to use a "bright line" of 50%. 30 seconds. Drawing electoral (voting) districts to benefit one political group over another. Majority-minority districts in Milwaukee account for five of the seven Black Assembly members, two of the four Hispanic Assembly members, and two of the three Black senators currently serving in the Legislature. Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. (ii) 6%? economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them in the world market with the goal of achieving profit. \text{ } & \text{2$/ 11$} & \text{$2,300$}\\ Such homogeneity actually prevails within very few states. e. Check 323 was written for$2,800 for advertising in February. ~Influenced by the writings of Charles Darwin. This was the most recent data available as of September 2022. Majority-Minority districts assure descriptive representation. In 1991, a group of white voters in North Carolina challenged the state's new congressional district map, which had two "majority-minority" districts. AP Human Geography can lead to a variety of liberal arts and social science majors. It is advancing maps that would cut the number of majority-Black districts from two to zero in Congress and from roughly a dozen to as few as three in the Legislature, pending final votes. We've covered a ton in this review guide for the 2023 AP Human Geography exam. Many states were sprawling, diverse empires, such as the Ottoman Empire in the . Districted systems can enhance minority power only if the minority is concentrated and fortunate to be in a single district. Teoretically, a recognized member of the modern state system possesing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. Do minority legislators accomplish things that others could not have, or change the terms of debate in ways sympathetic majority representatives could not have? \text{ } & \text{327} & \text{2$/ 28$} & \underline{1,900}\\ AP Human Geography is an introductory college-level human geography course. Those who have the redistricting pen don't have a blank slate for drawing the lines. Economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market, with the goal of achieving profit. Compare And Contrast Unitary Confederate A federal system is the division between the states and the national government. For the current year, Patton Consulting Group acquired long-term available-for-sale securities at a $35,000 cost. The interest payments are due every six months (that is, the interest is compounded semi-annually). Electoral boundary delimitation (or simply boundary delimitation or delimitation) is the drawing of boundaries of electoral precincts and related divisions involved in elections, such as states, counties or other municipalities. A group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political-territorial independence. NAFTA-Economic, Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. ~France With a share of 56 per cent for the top 10 per . For the purposes of this article, a majority-minority district is defined as any district in which a minority group or collection of minority groups comprise a simple majority of the district's population. In 2020, for example, racial minorities won 19 of 20 legislative seats where Black people constitute at least 35% of the voting-age population. Students tend to regard the course content as "easy," while the exam is difficult. Proponents of majority-minority districts argue that these districts are a necessary hindrance to the practice of cracking, which occurs when a constituency is divided between several districts in order to prevent it from achieving a majority in any one district. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/new-maps-spark-debate-over-majority-minority-districts, Biden administration sues Texas over voting restrictions, Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs, Census shows U.S. is diversifying, white population shrinking, As frustration mounts, a White House push on voting rights, Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission, maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature. Definition. Commissioners argue that there is evidence that Black candidates can still win elections. What is the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation? A majority-minority district is one in which a racial or language minority group comprises a voting majority. \text{Balance on February 1} & \text{$\$ 6,800$} & \text{ }\\ In many places, the newly drawn majority-minority districts elected those states' first African-American congressional representatives since Reconstruction. a venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. Why did legislatures actively begin to try to create Majority-Minority districts? But Republicans and others, including the states civil rights director, predict legal troubles ahead. In North Carolina, a new GOP-approved map cut the share of Black voters in Democratic Rep. G.K Butterfields district from 45% to 38%. With redistricting now beginning in many states, the need for Congress to pass reform legislation is more urgent than ever. Provide either an example or an explanation is the chart below. Examples: Ireland, Norway, and Poland, A state with more than one nation inside its borders. A state that only allows land ownership for certain groups. 2. relating to a population in which more than half represent social, ethnic, or racial minorities, and in which fewer members of the more socially, politically, or financially dominant group are represented: Seriously, Democrats: Youre Done in Dixie. Physical regions are features such as deserts, mountains, and lakes. Explain how each account used in part 1 is reported in the financial statements. What, if any, comparable reporting is provided by public universities? DETROIT (AP) Adam Hollier is a lieutenant in the Army Reserves, a paratrooper, Detroit native, a Democrat and a Black man. Jonathan Cervas, one of the experts who redrew the Virginia districts in 2019, said the aim was to rectify what a court had found was discrimination against Black voters. What is a functional analysis, according to Gingles? Administrate: determine how the boundary will be maintained and how goods and people will cross the border, ~Political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc. One of these reasons is ethnic separatism. Inc. ~Territories have control over policies and funds. State legislative and congressional redistricting after the 2020 census, Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census, Election results, 2022: Congressional margin of victory analysis, Election results, 2020: Congressional margin of victory analysis, Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker, Election legislation tracking: weekly digest, Election legislation tracking: list of sub-topics, Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Majority-minority_districts&oldid=9086185, Pages using DynamicPageList3 dplreplace parser function, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. A region is an area on the earth identified by two common characteristics: physical and political geography. and LMI and majority-minority areas. Photo by Rebecca Cook/ Reuters, By David A. Lieb, Associated Press, Acacia Coronado, Associated Press/Report for America, By Jonathan Lemire, Zeke Miller, Ashraf Khalil, Associated Press. The bottom line is that it does not create a true representation of the real voting patterns of the American public. The maps were challenged in United States District Court. Has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states. Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 mandates that electoral district lines cannot be drawn in such a manner as to "improperly dilute minorities' voting power. funny ways to say home run grassroots elite basketball Menu . *Create electoral districts that would clearly make it through the Justice Department and survive court challenges. ", "The minority group must be able to show that it is politically cohesive. What would the issue price of the bonds be if the prevailing interest rate is (i) 4%? 2. The idea that "intellectuals of statecraft" construct ideas about places, these ideas influence and reinforce their political behaviors and policy choices, and these ideas affect how we, the people, process our own notions of places and politics. If we draw the districts like this, Blue holds a majority in all five districts. Now, only 18 of the 53 members of the Congressional Black Caucus were elected in districts that are majority African American. The Census Bureau released data to the states for redistricting on August 12. Which of the following describe continuous random variables? READ MORE: Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs. Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! I got a 100/100 on this set. The first sample was tested using both purposive and accidental ap- proaches; participants were from two areas in Karkh District (Western side of Baghdad), which included two of the main Sunni camps, and from two areas in Rusafa District (Eastern side of Baghdad), which included camps for Shi'a and Christian people. Both are Democrats. The fight is complicated and wonky like most surrounding the once-a-decade redistricting process. ~Generate more wealth in the world economy. Redistricting is the process of enacting new congressional and state legislative district boundaries.. All United States Representatives and state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. Let's look at a voting districts definition. The commission also is tasked with considering representation of minority communities and following the Voting Rights Act. But even after accounting for the federal rules, there are countless . If done correctly, it can even create a majority for a party that has a small minority. representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. ~Ethnocultural conflicts What harm is done by the legislators packing the district up to 50 percent minority voters? In AP Human Geography, unit 4 covers political geography. b. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. Dr. Giani Clarkson is a national award winning educator. rule by an autonomous pwoer over a subordinate and alien people and place. Is this necessarily a good or a bad sign? For Holliers 2nd Senate District, that means some of its Detroit neighborhoods would be grafted on to mostly white districts, and his own seat would stretch across Eight Mile Road, the infamous boundary between Detroit and its first-ring, majority white suburbs. Hollier, like other Black lawmakers, is furious, saying that move jeopardizes Black elected officials. Various rules limit where district lines may or may not be drawn. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES? Examples: United Kingdom, France, China, ~State is organized into territories. 1. The actual number of ounces in a 1-gallon bottle of laundry detergent, incorporation of a territory into another geopolitical entity. Majority-minority definition, relating to a population in which more than half represent social, ethnic, or racial minorities, and in which fewer members of the more socially, politically, or financially dominant group are represented: majority-minority public schools. A state has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states. A majority-minority or minority-majority area is a term used to refer to a subdivision in which one or more racial, ethnic, . That principle was enshrined in the federal Voting Rights Act, which requires the creation of districts with a majority or plurality of Black or other minority racial or ethnic group voters in places where the white population has a history of preventing them from electing their chosen representatives. Choose one of the following three options to assist in the process of learning the vocabulary: 1. Launched successful separatist movements and achieved independence. f. An automatic withdrawal for Oscar's February rent was made on February 4 for $1,100. It was a win for African-American . \text{ } & \text{322} & \text{2$/ 8$} & \text{400}\\ A neighbor sells life insurance and wants you In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of propertyand attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended. In 1964, there were only about 300 black elected officials nationwide. In Wisconsin, Democratic Gov. What did they feel they were responsible for? That critical mass of Black voters, Hollier argues, ensures he has a chance to be elected and give voice to people who have long been ignored by the political system. How can we tell the direction of the test by looking at a pair of hypotheses? Explain your answer. Example: The devolution in Africa after the European states gave the African states their independence. Strickland, the Court's 5-4 conservative majority ruled that states could choose to draw minority "coalition districts" (in which a sub-50 percent minority can win with support from other groups), but that only true majority-minority seats would merit protection under Section 2 of the VRA. Others include Palestinians, Basques, and Roma. They brought together people with shared cultural characteristics within a single state. ~Nourishment=Territory, ~Sir Halford J. Mackinder proposed the Heartland Theory. In 2021, there were 138 majority-minority districts in the United States House of Representatives in 27 states. Information about the partisan affiliation of each district's representative dates to 2015. A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te. The study of the "political" organization of the world. A politically organized territory that is administered by sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. Much like political gerrymandering, it limits black influence in surrounding districts. Tech: Matt Latourelle Ryan Burch Kirsten Corrao Beth Dellea Travis Eden Tate Kamish Margaret Kearney Eric Lotto Joseph Sanchez. Record the necessary cash adjustments. Officially, the term gerrymandering describes a process whereby states can redraw their congressional and legislative districts every 10 years, after each new census. For the districts themselves? \text{ } & \text{2$/ 18$} & \text{$3,200$}\\ Still, the shift toward unpacking districts is likely to lead to turnover in legislatures and Congress. Treaties contained new languages recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders and guarantees of security. Examples: Egypt|Sudan, Canada|U.S, Physical-political (Natural-political) Boundary, Political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape, such as a river or the crest ridges of a mountain range. David Eggert, Associated Press, Nicholas Riccardi, Associated Press It is estimated that warranty repairs will average $10 per unit sold, and 30% of the repairs will be made in Year 1 and 70% in Year 2. newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2023, / mdr ti mnr ti, mdr ti mnr ti, ma-, /. \end{array} His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. A nation that stretches across borders and across states. a geographical hypothesis proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first 2 decades of the 20th century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain significant strength to eventually dominate the world. Which describe discrete random variables? Summary: The Best AP Human Geography Review Guide. . The table below provides demographic data about each majority-minority district in the United States as of 2013. ~Capital city serves as focus of power. 2536+5146. Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj Would you consider purchasing a different type of life insurance policy? Delimit: Draw the boundary on a map Conversely, unitary states are characterized by a strong central government. Regional The table below provides demographic data for each majority-minority district in the United States House of Representatives as of 2021. (Peripheral, Semi-peripheral, Core). Although the total book and fair values of Altgelds net assets amounting to $3.2 million, the price paid for these shares was$340,000. majority minority districts definition ap human geography gemini and scorpio parents gabi wilson net worth 2021 . Oscar's sells carpet each day but makes bank deposits only once per week. 2. This increase is the direct result of the increase in majority-minority districts since passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. What about majority-minority districts is problematic? b. In the Year 1 income statement, McKay should show warranty expense of: As a young, unmarried person, you are contemplating college next year and the pursuit of a professional degree that will take six years or more to complete . In Nevada, Latino and other activist groups opposed maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature because the plan spread Latinos broadly around the states congressional and legislative districts to increase the odds of Democratic victories. This represented approximately 32% of the nation's 435 U.S. House districts.[1][2][3][4][5][6]. In 2021, there were 138 majority-minority districts in the United States House of Representatives in 27 states. They have opened themselves terribly to a Voting Rights Act challenge, he said. For decades, the widely accepted strategy was to group together Black voters so they comprised a majority in a statehouse or congressional district. a branch of geography that deals with human governments, the boundaries and subdivisions of political units (as nations or states), and the situations of cities. having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs Geometric boundary A geometric boundary, or geometric border, is one that is formed by arcs or straight lines irrespective of the physical and cultural features of the land it passes through. While many studies of inequality in access to quality health care concentrate on the lower availability of health care, there is a growing body of literature reporting on the association between hospital quality and minority-service hospital status across multiple health states and conditions. Human-kind defines political regions by establishing political . The world economy has a three-tier structure. The nine-term African American congressman announced his resignation this month and called the new map racially gerrymandered.. The black, Latino, and Asian representatives mostly were replacing white Democrats, and the increase in minority representation was coming at the expense of electing fewer Democrats. In an April 2015 report for the Congressional Research Service, legislative attorney L. Paige Whitaker described this argument as follows:[7], In addition, supporters argue that the drawing of majority-minority districts has resulted in an increased number of minority representatives in state legislatures and Congress. \text{ } & \text{325} & \text{2$/ 27$} & \text{200}\\ Redlining--the practice of denying borrowers access to credit based on the location of properties in minority or economically disadvantaged neighborhoods . forces that tend to unify a country- such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared idealogical objectives, and a common faith. Consolidated stockholders equity is reduced by $340,000. We'll need to get creative, since it's in the minority. What are the policy effects of majority-minority districts?

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