Wolves, black and grizzly bears and the lynx are the larger predators. It is the Earth's greatest area of exposed Archean rock. In the United States, the Canadian Shield includes the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York, the northernmost part of Lower Michigan and all of Upper Michigan, northern Wisconsin, and northeastern Minnesota. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The rocks that now form the surface of the Shield were once far below the Earth's surface. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Applachian impact of climate change, Appalachian province, Cordillera province and more. Click here to learn more. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. While the area still suffers strong winds, the incidence of cyclones is greatly reduced. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? About fifty species of mammals are found in the Taiga Shield, including the large herbivores barren-ground caribou, woodland caribou, and moose. In the case of the Grenville Mountains, its estimated that tens of kilometres of rock may have been worn down. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In the southern parts, the climate is seasonal; the average temperature in the winter is -. 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Learn about the three main sources of uncertainty in climate projections. This process is known as the winterization of summer. This arrangement was caused by severe glaciation during the ice age, which covered the Shield and scraped the rock clean. Winters in the Canadian Shield are fantastic for skiing and building snowmen. Located within the Golden Horseshoe, Toronto is the capital of Ontario, the financial centre of Canada, and the country's most populous city. It also includes in Canada the central/northern portions of Manitoba away from Hudson Bay and the Great Plains, northern Saskatchewan, and a small portion of northeastern Alberta, as well as the mainland northern Canadian territories to the east of a line extended north from the Saskatchewan/Alberta border (Northwest Territories and Nunavut) (HCF, 2007). The current surface expression of the Shield is one of very thin soil lying on top of the bedrock, with many bare outcrops. This climate is considered to be Dfb according to the Kppen-Geiger climate classification. (Weather station: Resolute, Canada). ClimateData.ca is supported by the Canadian Centre for Climate Services (CCCS) of Environment and Climate Change Canada as part of its efforts to provide Canadians with easy access to climate related data and to help increase their resilience to climate change. (It also reaches into parts of the United States, in New York, Wisconsin and Minnesota.) The shield is also covered by vast boreal forests that support an important logging industry. Large . Acid rain is wet deposition. The origin of life traces to the Archean, with prokaryote fossils known from 3.5 billion years ago. While at times a barrier to settlement, the Shield has also yielded great resources, including minerals, coniferous forests and the capacity for hydroelectric developments. When the earth deforms as a result of these collisions, geologists call the deformation process an orogeny. Orogenies cause the earth to thrust upward, creating mountain ranges. In the northern part of the Canadian Shield they get 5 hours of daylight in the winter and 24 hours in the summer months. Figure 1: Northwestern Manitoba - This photograph, taken in northwestern Manitoba, shows an aerial view of gravel ridges that mark the location of crevasses in the ice sheet that once covered the Canadian Shield.Each ridge is about 3 metres high and 10 metres wide. It covers much of Greenland, all of Labrador and the Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland, most of Quebec north of the St. Lawrence River, much of Ontario including northern sections of the Ontario Peninsula, the Adirondack Mountains[6] of New York, the northernmost part of Lower Michigan and all of Upper Michigan, northern Wisconsin, northeastern Minnesota, the central and northern portions of Manitoba away from Hudson Bay, northern Saskatchewan, a small portion of northeastern Alberta,[7] mainland Northwest Territories to the east of a line extended north from the Saskatchewan-Alberta border, most of Nunavut's mainland and, of its Arctic Archipelago, Baffin Island and significant bands through Somerset, Southampton, Devon and Ellesmere islands. Accordingly, the data does not necessarily reflect the exact point that you select, particularly in areas with varying microclimates. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. In the northernmost part, a city such as Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, will experience a dry, cold climate most of the year. The northeastern portion, however, became tilted up so that, in northern Labrador and Baffin Island, the land rises to more than 1,500 metres (5,000 feet) above sea level. Explore all the available data through high resolution maps and graphs. If you were to overlay a map of the Canadian Shield with this week's population density map, you would see that Canada's major population centers do not extend into the Shield. What is the climate in the boreal forest? Temperature range is extreme, especially in the mid-continental areas, where seasonal fluctuations can be as great as 100C. Composed almost entirely of volcanic rock, often exposed to the elements or with a thin layer of topsoil, the Canadian Shield is one of the most defining geographic features of Canada. Today it consists largely of an area of low relief 300610m (9802,000ft) above sea level with a few monadnocks and low mountain ranges (including the Laurentian Mountains) probably eroded from the plateau during the Cenozoic Era. Canadas first diamond mine called Ekati opened there in 1998. As the exposed part of the North American puzzle piece, the Canadian shield is made of hard rock, both igneous (formed by the rapid cooling of liquid rock) and metamorphic (rock that has been changed by enormous heat and pressure). This vast region, with its store of forests, waterpower, and mineral resources, is being increasingly developed. Climate: Northwest Territories. Climate-Data.org. Each block is bounded by a belt of younger rock created when the blocks collided. are timber-productive land. Glaciation has left the area with only a thin layer of soil, through which exposures of igneous bedrock resulting from its long volcanic history are frequently visible. Canadas boreal forest (270 million hectares) stores carbon, purifies the air and water, and regulates the climate. Web. On the opposite side of the Canadian Shield in the south, we see a more humid climate, with cold winters and warm summer occurring. 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). The Shield can be thought of as a jigsaw puzzle of different crustal blocks, sometimes known as provinces, welded together over time. The mountain region itself experiences year round snow in high elevations, significant rain on the western windward side and minimal precipitation on the leeward side resulting in a south-western desert landscape. Summers are short, lasting maybe 50 to 100 days without frost. The rest of the region has coarse soil that does not hold moisture very well and is frozen all year round. The Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Lowlands are a humid continental climate, meaning that there is little precipitation and a large temperature range. Around the same time, silver was discovered near Cobalt , Ontario, in 1903. The resulting climate is ideal for coniferous red wood forests, where some of the worlds oldest trees are still thriving today. This is a vast, deeply dissected mountain range, stretching from northernmost Ellesmere Island to the northernmost tip of Labrador. The Canadian Shield is so large that the climate varies across it. In northeastern Quebec, the giant Manicouagan Reservoir is the site of an extensive hydroelectric project (Manic-cinq, or Manic-5). The true extent of the Shield is greater still and stretches from the Western Cordillera in the west to the Appalachians in the east and as far south as Texas, but these regions are overlaid with much younger rocks and sediment. The terrain consists of tundra except in mountainous regions of the east. As mountains erode, their roots rise and are eroded in turn. [2] In total, the exposed area of the Shield covers approximately 8,000,000km2 (3,100,000sqmi). (This is the full-length entry about the Canadian Shield. The Canadian Shield is a large area of exposed precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rock. Its name combines two ideas. Everything You Need to Know About Life in the Canadian Shield. Typical Canadian Shield: pines, lakes, bogs, and rock. The Canadian Shield represents a small segment of Alberta's wilderness, only totaling 1.5 percent, and is completely surrounded by the Boreal Forest Natural Region. 2016. Tsuyoshi Iizuka, at al., "Geology and Zircon Geochronology of the Acasta Gneiss Complex", the largest-known meteorite impact craters on Earth, "Metallogeny and Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-Hudson Orogen", Alberta Heritage - Alberta Online Encyclopedia, 3-D Magnetic Imaging using Conjugate Gradients: Temagami anomaly, Report on the 2007 Diamond Drilling Program, McClarty Lake Project, Manitoba: The Pas Mining District NTS 63-K-08; UTM ZONE 14 N 415938 E, 6038968 N; 542928N 1001752W, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Shield&oldid=1144657401, This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 21:53. In other words, the "Shield" from Canadian Shield and "Boreal" from Boreal and Taiga forest were combined together to make the name Boreal Shield. Home Page > Population. Since it is such a wide region, there are varying climates, soils, natural vegetation all across the Boreal Shield. [1] The shield extends into the United States as the Adirondack Mountains (connected by the Frontenac Axis) and the Superior Upland. Far Western Canada, comprising most of British Columbia, is laced with towering mountain ranges. First Nations-Shelter Wigwam 24. The national capital Ottawa is located in Ontario bordering Quebec. Corrections? Due to its numerous rivers, the Canadian Shield region produces a significant amount of hydroelectricity. Because the Shield was formed through a series of orogenies, it was once a mountainous region. Canadas famous Rocky Mountain Range influences more than the Canadian climate. It snows approximately nine months a year, leaving three months for a cool, short summer(average temperature 14.8C). The Canadian coastline is more than 150,000 miles long. The goal of this portal is to support decision makers across a broad spectrum of sectors and locations by providing the most up to date climate data in easy to use formats and visualizations. In the Canadian Shield , there are short cold winters and long hot summers . Without mountains, forests, valleys, cliffs, or large rivers to influence wind, precipitation, or sun cover, tundra is home to dry, cold temperatures that do not rise above 50oF during its summer and ten months of below freezing.

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