B.Y. For example, if 562HAZ represents 50% of the total economic value of the disaggregated sectors, then 50% each flow is allocated to 562HAZ. USEEIO Model Overview and EEIO Primer. Overview Emissions Factors FAQ Data sets Emissions factors 2 files Emissions factors File Updated Download IEA Emissions Factors 2021 15/09/2021 XLS IEA Emissions Factors 2021 (light version) 15/09/2021 XLSB Schedule figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17145878.v1 (2022). The v1.2 model data used here for comparison were acquired from the USEEIO-API. P is a commodity x year currency year adjustment matrix. 6, 3392, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03392 (2021). 56221: Most of the flows are to Hazardous waste disposal sector. Overview of GHG Protocol scopes and emissions across the value chain. In v1 models, a base economic year of 2013 different than the IO year of the economic data was used. The data for water withdrawals, criteria and hazardous air emissions, point source industrial releases to ground, point source releases to water, greenhouse gases, land use, employment, and value added have been updated in v2.0 and incorporate methodological improvements. For v2.0, total value added per industry is taken directly from the same 2012 BEA Use table that is a source for the economic data. Household consumption accounts for the largest share of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. 2-6 digit 2012 NAICS Code File. For states that do not distinguish between irrigation used for crops and golf courses, all irrigation water is attributed to crops. For the Oil and gas extraction (211000) commodity, the entirety of the production value is assigned to the Solid waste landfill (562212) industry, as it is assumed that this represents landfill gas production. Top 20 commodities by composite impact score for models v2.0 and v1.2 calculated using (a) the total US production demand vector and the direct perspective and (b) using the total US consumption demand vector and the final perspective. Sci Data 9, 194 (2022). For the Scrap (S00401) commodity, the entirety of the production value is assigned to the Material separation/recovery facilities (562920) industry, under the assumption that these facilities are the ones responsible for recovering scrap during waste management. Amazons Carbon Footprint LCIA formatter. 1. Then one can continue to derive the equivalent of L for domestic use, Ld from Ad, using Eq. Depending on the table resolution, these categories are further divided into one or more subcategories. State and local general government is split into education and other services in the 2012 IO tables, resulting in a fall in ranking but occupying two spots in the top 20. Domestic food supply chains freshwater use over time. This model was based on the 2007 input-output data with 385 commodities and mixed-year environmental data with the latest representing 2013. v1.1 added additional satellite tables and made methodological updates to some existing tables5,6. Coverage of these data used in v2.0 is equivalent to that from v1.2 as seen in Table2. The value added sectors are the wages, taxes, and gross operating surplus for the industries present in the USEEIO model. 5, where xi,z is the year industry output for industry i in the currency year, z, corresponding to the year of the national flow totals. Figure 1. AC-17-A-51 https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US/usv1.pdf (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2017). Public Land Statistics 2007. Prioritization of sectors in the US economy by greatest opportunities for environmental improvements through the use of the Sustainable Materials Management Prioritization Tools will be a primary use of v2.0. Producer price is the price of a commodity reflecting an industrys cost to produce it including commodity taxes11. Reduction in emissions for ozone depletion potential for manufacturing sectors. However, revisions to mappings between SCC codes and sectors, and updates in data collection lead to some notable differences in sector emissions including: Increase in emissions for construction sectors. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Chemical_Use/ (2016). In Fig. This is an update from v1.1, where value added data were taken from BEA Summary level Use tables for more recent years and adjusted as described in the documentation5. In the v2.0, methyl bromide/emission/air/troposphere/rural/ground-level/kg has one of the highest CFC-11 equivalents (0.51, sheet C, cell BMV20 of)71 of all flows, and Fresh vegetables, melons, and potatoes shows the highest at 2.4E-5 kg/$. & Birney, C. useeior. These values are included in the WasteDisaggregation_Make sheet of the primary data record, in the Make table intersection rows. Scope 3 emissions include all sources not within an organizations scope 1 and 2 boundary. Users should be aware of the limitations of using the Rest of World results. OZON showed decreased or little change in nearly all sectors. For more information and to download the 2016 report and methodology, see: https://www.epa.gov/smm/2016-recycling-economic-information-rei-report-and-methodology. Estimates for scope 3 categories can vary in accuracy depending on the available data and the organizations quantification goal. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The result is available in the National Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutant Totals By Industry 2017 v1.1 dataset32. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Users can find a coefficient (per USD) in producers price in 2012 USD by finding the cell at the intersection of the row with the flow (M matrix) or indicator (N matrix) of interest along with the column with the commodity best representing the purchase. These tables are also known as the benchmark tables because they are based on the US Economic Census which is conducted every five years and the tables correspond to the Census year11. Note that normalized Make table transactions are unchanged. The consumption vector is defined in Eq. https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/WasteCharacterization/PubExtracts/2014/GenSummary.pdf (Calrecycle, 2015). Water withdrawal impact intensity differences are attributed to allocation methodology changes for the irrigation, mining, and industrial USGS water use categories. The GHG Protocol provides two resources to help organizations estimate scope 3 emissions: For financial institutions, The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry, published by the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, offers specific guidance on calculating scope 3, category 15 (investments) emissions. The 5-digit NAICS in the RCRAInfo codes do not count flows present in the 6-digit codes. This can be represented using Eq. Equation24 is given below for the commodity form of the model. The USGS publishes state-level water withdrawal estimates for nine broad categories: Aquaculture, Domestic, Industrial, Irrigation Crop, Irrigation Golf Courses, Livestock, Mining, Public Supply, and Thermoelectric Power. To calculate emissions, estimate the lifetime electricity consumption (in kWh) for all products sold in the reporting year. N is an indicator x sector matrix and contains in each row i the direct and indirect impact result per 1 USD output of sector j. To achieve more granular results for 6-digit NAICS, Water_national_2015_m1 uses acreage data for 64 crops from the USDA Census of Agriculture (CoA) data48. As described in the Splitting Impacts section, in v2.0, impacts can be split between those originating in the US vs. the rest of the world. When there is additional data available for specific flows which are not adequately reflected at the 6-digit NAICS to USEEIO mapping (as per Table6), a manual distribution of that data is specified as an input to the disaggregation algorithm. This ensures that, for example, pesticide releases to air are not duplicated in both the Criteria and Hazardous air pollutant satellite table and the pesticide satellite table. Emission factors may be quantified in a handful of ways. Ingwersen, W., Yang, Y., Gilkey, K. & Li, M. USEEIO v1.1 Description of Satellite Table Updates. (Springer Science & Business Media, 2002). US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, USA, General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA, Eastern Research Group, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA, You can also search for this author in This flow update afforded the opportunity to use more standard life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) characterization factors to populate these indicators, which were integrated with the new procedure. Depending on the source, scope 3 emissions can be quantified using either primary data specific to the activity within a company's value chain or secondary data such as industry averages, proxy data, or other generic data. With the pesticide loss model input data remaining the same, but inflation in the commodity as seen in the P matrix between 2012 (USD year of v2.0) and 2013 (USD year of v1.2) created a lower denominator in v2.0, resulting in a higher pesticide-related impact intensity (since dollar output is in the denominator) for this sector. Environ. Then, the imports, yi, are subtracted from the final demand in the original Use table, to get domestic final demand, yd, as in Eq. The most common sources listed in the table are: To apply the EF Hub scope 1 and 2 factors, the organization can first define the GHG generating activity for each relevant source category, then apply the appropriate factors for stationary combustion, mobile combustion, fugitive emissions, electricity, heat, or steam. The US Economic Census (EC), published by the US Census Bureau, provides economic data for all sectors of the US economy and is used to estimate industry consumption of the disaggregated waste management commodities (i.e., Use table rows)20. In Fig. 32 are the same as the Value Added row values in the model N matrix. The model is validated through reproduction of national totals from input data sources and through analysis of changes from the most recent complete USEEIO model that can be explained based on data updates or method changes. Sarah Cashman, Bill Michaud and Ally Brown assisted with project management. Natural gas also saw a larger decrease relative to other sectors. For example, releases of nitrogen and phosphorous are sourced from the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Release from Agriculture satellite table (NPAG) specifically for agricultural sectors, while data for all other sectors are sourced from the Discharge Monitoring Report via the Point source releases to water satellite table (WATREL). 25 is substituted for L and yd Eq. A similar effect can be seen in the increase in ETOX for Fresh vegetables, melons, and potatoes which is also driven by pesticides, where.lambda.-Cyhalothrin, Chlorothalonil, and Cyfluthrin contribute 27%, 22%, and 19%, respectively, to this impact. To do so, the following approach was taken: When the underlying data for specific flows is available at the six digit NAICS level, the flow is mapped to the corresponding disaggregated sector codes as indicated in Table6. In Water_national_2015_m1, these water withdrawal categories are attributed to sectors using additional data sources for allocation, when necessary. ERR-288 https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=101624 (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2021). In v2.0, these data sources are used to allocate MLU land use categories to relevant sectors. Scope 3 calculation method improved and boundary expanded over time. Land use now differentiates urban and rural residential housing land by incorporating values from the Major Uses of Land report36. Some changes in HCAN and NCAN result from the inclusion of characterization factors from TRACI 2.1 for metals, which were not included for v1.2. The diagonal-only production assumption is a good first approximation that allows the production impacts from a specific type of waste management service to be assigned to a single sector. This can be performed by subtracting the import matrix, Um from the Use matrix to estimate a domestic Use table, Ud, as in Eq. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. EPA Home Science Inventory Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. The water methodology in the Water Use Satellite table compiled for v1.1 tracked water returns, allowing for the calculation of water consumption by industry. Major Uses of Land in the United States, 2007. https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=44630 (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2011). Young, B. et al. For waste management disaggregation, a subset of the RCRAInfo database that contains waste flows from shipping facilities to receiving/storage facilities (arranged by NAICS sector codes) was used. The values in v2.0 resulting from Eq. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. This equation is shown in Eq. U.S. Energy Information Administration. In v2.0, Scrap is left in the model to simplify the accounting procedures, but we do not recommend use of multipliers generated from Scrap because of the lack of a clear material or functional characterization of this commodity. The relationship table presents a hierarchy of the BEA codes at three levels of detail: sector (21 sector groups), summary (71 sector groups), and detail (405 sector groups), as well as how each level relates to the NAICS code structure. United States Environmental Protection Agency, email: Purchaser price reflects the producers price plus sale and transportation margins11. The breakdown of these data into the records given in Table2 is not identical to that given in Table1 of the original USEEIO description2, but all these data are aggregated during model construction (see Model Construction section), and therefore the breakdown just describes the form of these data as they are originally processed and imported. The matrix M is a flow x sector matrix and contains in each row i the direct plus indirect flows per 1 USD output of the sector in column j. More organizations are reaching into their value chains to understand the full GHG impact of their operations. https://www.census.gov/naics/ (U.S. Census Bureau, 2022). Food and beverage stores appear in v2.0 rankings as the only retail sector, whereas Other retail appeared as the only retail sector in the v1.2 top 20. It was developed by harmonizing and detailing supply-use tables for a large number of countries, estimating emissions and resource extractions by industry. BLM/OC/ST-08/001+1165 https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/pls07.pdf (U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2008). The Sector Crosswalk is available as part of the primary data record24. 14). Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. Emission factors (LCA[16]) -- convert activity data into a measure of CO2e emission, including: Emissions (estimates) associated with extracting, collecting and pre-processing raw materials. ~75% of these emissions stem from upstream activities . USEEIO v2.0 described herein is a commodity model with the full breadth of US economic output split into 411 commodity categories. 15. where Gr is the direct+indirect flows x sector matrix and s is a scaling vector. 25. Step 3: Improve and expand emissions estimate over time. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. The Water_national_2015_m1 model does not include water returns, as available estimates for water returns are from 1995 and do not account for advances and updates in machinery52. The Service Annual Survey (SAS) from the US Census Bureau provides estimates of revenue and expenditure data for most traditional service industries21, and is used in the disaggregation of the waste management industries (i.e., Use table columns). The National GHG Industry Attribution Model27 for year 2016 was used for developing the national GHG totals by industry, which is the same flow sector attribution model used for the recently published Supply Chain GHG emission factors1, but is an update from the previous GHG satellite tables included in v1 models. An official website of the United States government. USEEIO v2.0, or referred to solely as v2.0, is the latest edition of the US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model for assessing a full suite of potential life cycle impacts of US. The equivalent value is 1.44E-5in v1.2 (sheet B, cell D681 of)71. All the economic input data (Table1) are retrieved using scripts in useeior and saved in the package along with selected indicators not from LCIA formatter (jobs, value added, and waste indicators, Table3), commodity names, data inputs to the Sector Crosswalk, and model metadata files.

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