This single pixel includes seven species, such as Cockerell's bumble bee, White Mountain false pennyroyal and Sacramento Mountains thistle. Hence, the degradation of rangelands in Central Asia represents a substantial threat to the communities who rely upon them, having been long engaged in pastoralism. UNEP (2022) Draft resolution on nature-based solutions forsupporting sustainable development. Although all of these insects have a similar structure and may be genetic cousins, the beautiful variety of colors, shapes, camouflage, and sizes showcase the level of diversity possible even within a closely-related group of species. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5367-9_16, Shomurodov K, Rakhimova T, Adilov B, Beshko N, Karimov F, Polvonov F (2021) Current state of vegetation of the dried bottom of the Aral Sea., 629. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/629/1/012085, Summary report on the LDN target setting programme in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Biodiversity loss | Causes, Effects, & Facts | Britannica Monitoring of afforested lands and soil quality monitoring could have substantially improved survival rates of saxaul and other shrubby plantations in the Aralkum. The Birds Head Seascape in Indonesia is home to more than 1,200 species of fish and 600 species ofcoral. Because brown tree snakes have no predators on Guam, they quickly multiplied. Of these, beetles are some of the most numerous species. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1311-40, Khamzina A, Lamers JP, Worbes M, Botman E, Vlek PL (2006) Assessing the potential of trees for afforestation of degraded landscapes in the Aral Sea Basin of Uzbekistan. Wetlands in the Aral Sea basin are reported to be unstable in terms of their hydrological regimes and are highly dependent on the water inflow, which in turn defines their salinity levels and ability to support native biodiversity (Schlter, et al., 2013). Medicines that treat some forms ofcancerhave been made from therosy periwinkle, a flower that grows on the African island of Madagascar. (A biological community is an interacting group of various species in a common location.) It can be studied on many levels. Meg researched the biodiversity in four water ecosystems. Forests provide homes for animals. Review of Nature-based Solutions in Dryland Ecosystems: the - Springer Nearly half of the Asian continent is covered by drylands, which contributes to an estimated 34% of the worlds drylands. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. As reported by Li et al. Some areas in the world, such as areas of Mexico, South Africa, Brazil, the southwestern United States, and Madagascar, have more biodiversity than others. Springer Netherlands. The continent of Africa is home to tropical rainforests,alpinemountains, and dry deserts. They include everything from cleaning water and absorbing chemicals, which wetlands do, to providing oxygen for us to breatheone of the many things that plants do for people. Where Is The World's Greatest Biodiversity? Smithsonian Scientists Find Its part of a larger global push, known as 30x30, to protect more land and water worldwide. Animals like the black-footed ferret and California condor are represented, but so are groups often left out of such analyses: species of bees, butterflies, fish, mussels, crayfish and flowering plants. Available at: https://www.protectedplanet.net/555703557. Areas with high numbers of endemic species are called biodiversity hotspots. The far-reaching negative consequences of the Aral catastrophe include, but are not limited to: increased number of lung, kidney and thyroid diseases, infant mortality and morbidity, decreased life expectancy, frequent dust storms, loss of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity, diminished ecosystems (i.e., riparian forests, wetlands, grasslands) and their services, massive job losses due to the collapse of the fishing and tourism industries (Lemly, Kingsford, & Thompson, 2000), (Li, Ma, & Zhang, 2020), (Lioubimtseva & Henebry, 2009), (Schlter, et al., 2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4065, Yushanjiang A, Zhang F, Leong Tan M (2021) Spatial-temporal characteristics of ecosystem health in Central Asia. The . For Ecol Manag 483:118906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118906, The Ramsar Convention Seceretariat. Which biome has the greatest species diversity? Least diversity? Genetic diversity even prevents diseases and helps species adjust to changes in their environment. Biodiversity includes the full range of species that live in an area. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-018-0073-3. Wetland restoration is a promising tool in many areas that could potentially compete with afforestation/reforestation in terms of carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation potential (Taillardat, Thompson, Garneau, Trottier, & Friess, 2020), (Seddon, et al., 2020), (Tanneberger, et al., 2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3642, Kumar N, Khamzina A, Knfel P, Lamers JP, Tischbein B (2021) Afforestation of degraded croplands as a watersaving option in irrigated region of the aral sea basin. The focal case study areathe Aral Seaprimarily transitioned from one of the largest inland water bodies in the world into a sandy desert over the course of several decades, still contains the small remnant southern Aral Sea, the existence of which remains under threat due to the absence of water inflow and high evaporation rates. Planning and management of protected areas, their integrity with the landscape, animal migratory routes and areas of anthropogenic activities. The World Conservation Congress (p. 106). Glob Change Biol 27:13281348. Besides, wetlands perform multiple other ecosystem services such as disaster risk reduction (e.g., they can function as fire breaks), enhancement of food security, and biodiversity conservation (Belle, Collins, & Jordaan, 2018). Ecosystems that host the most biodiversity tend to have ideal environmental conditions for plant growth, like the warm and wet climate of tropical regions. Scientists have studied only a small percentage of rainforest species in their search for cures. Again, for this reason we include them as an NbS on this review. High niche diversity refers to the presence of multiple traits in the same or different species, which is a characteristic of ecosystems with a high biodiversity. Discover Life in America: All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory Database. The Aral Seaformerly the fourth largest inland lake in the world, and the centre of a thriving fishing industryhas shrunk drastically since the early 1960s due to the misuse of river flow for irrigation, and is now represented by a highly saline southern Aral Sea in Uzbekistan and northern Aral Sea in Kazakhstan. 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Stein, Bruce A., Lynn S. Kutner and Jonathan S. Adams. We have this tremendous biodiversity, but we also have these major stressors, including that we built ourselves into the fifth-largest economy in the world with 40 million people, said Wade Crowfoot, Californias natural resources secretary. Scientists have discovered manychemicals in rainforest plants that are now used in helpfuldrugs. Our review of nature-based solutions in rural dryland ecosystems returned a limited number of case studies of actual NbS application; particularly those that described specific outcomes and lessons learned, demonstrated success and socio-economic benefits, and sustained results. https://www.cbd.int/pa/doc/dossiers/uzbekistan-abt11-country-dossier2021.pdf, Chausson A, Turner B, Seddon D, Chabaneix N, Girardin CA, Kapos V, Seddon N (2020) Mapping the effectiveness of nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation. 2005). Google Scholar, Aleksandrova M, Lamers JP, Martius C, Tischbein B (2014) Rural vulnerability to environmental change in the irrigated lowlands of Central Asia and options for policy-makers: A review. (2013), fluctuations in the water table of wetlands can kill roe that fish lay on the shores with the already shallow water table. As part of the Aichi Biodiversity Target 11, to which Uzbekistan has committed (CBD-UNDP, 2021), protected areas highly contribute to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Tech. This article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of Earth's most diverse and iconic biomes: the tropical . More than one-third of U.S. fish and wildlife species are at risk of extinction in the coming decades. Sustain Dev. Tropical forests are widely considered to have the greatest species diversity of the terrestrial biomes but diversity is also high in the temperate deciduous biome and Low species diversity : The tundra biome has the least biodiversity, but the northern coniferous biome also has low species diversity. Others note features like potential wildlife corridors. https://rsis.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/rsiswp_search/exports/Ramsar-Sites-annotated-summary-Uzbekistan.pdf?1647505458, The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics. Extinction is a natural process; some species naturally die out while new speciesevolve. The desiccation and subsequent almost complete loss of the Aral Sea, once the worlds fourth largest inland water body (Lemly, Kingsford, & Thompson, 2000), having had far-reaching social, economic and ecological implications in all countries of Central Asia aggravated the situation even more. 184. The study area, the Uzbek part of the Aral Sea region, is characterised as a dryland by the UNCCD (UNCCD, 2017), and, specifically, a dry sub-humid area. At the highest level, one can look at all the different species on the entire Earth. Rangelands in the Aral Sea basin represent not just significant economic and environmental value to local stakeholders, but also cultural values (Shaumarov, et al., 2012). Rangeland/grassland restoration can reduce net soil CO2 emissions, conserve biodiversity, soil and water resources (Abdalla, Mutema, Chivenge, Everson, & Chaplot, 2022), (Li, Chen, Zhang, & Pan, 2019), and thus have a climate mitigating factor. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.09.001, Oberle B, Mackinnon K, Sandwith T (2021) Vital sites: Protected and conserved areas offer solutions for building back better. Environmental Management (2023). 3. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(199911/12)9:6<517::AID-AQC383>3.0.CO;2-C. Yang Y, Yuanyue P, Xiang Y, Zhijie T, Lingxiao S, Disse M, Ruide Y (2019) Climate change, water resources and sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid lands of Central Asia in the past 30 years. The review has not returned specific rangeland rehabilitation methods or success stories in the Aral Sea basin. Land is cleared to plantcrops or build houses and factories. Animals and plants are the most familiar types of endangered species, but afungus, such as thewhite ferula mushroom(Pleurotus nebrodensis) can also be threatened. All rights reserved. Antarctica, covered almost entirely by an ice sheet, has low biodiversity. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Shrublands/afforested areas, to which the sandy seabed is planned to be converted to, are reported to maximize sand fixation and minimize erosion (Lw, et al., 2021), (Kim, et al., 2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2013.855958, Schad P (2014) World reference base for soil resources 2014. https://www.fao.org/3/i3794en/I3794en.pdf, Schlter M, Khasankhanova G, Talskikh V, Taryannikova R, Agaltseva N, Joldasova I, Abdullaev U (2013) Enhancing resilience to water flow uncertainty by integrating environmental flows into water management in the Amudarya River, Central Asia. Savvy crows thrive among us, despite us and because of us. Protected areas, as a means of environmental restoration on a wider landscape scale by encompassing multiple ecosystem types, seem to have more of a quantity rather than a quality approach in Uzbekistan. D. Smaller populations are less likely to go extinct than larger populations, so the species diversity will remain constant., Which of the following examples illustrates the community with the highest biodiversity? Which part of the immune system immediately responds to infection or injury? Ecosystems include deserts,grasslands, and rainforests. C. Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity. Agroforestry is mostly proposed to rehabilitate marginal and salt-affected irrigated lands. Also, wetlands in drylands are considered crucial for regional biodiversity (Williams, 1999), and the vital importance of wetlands and ecosystem services they provide in dry areas such as the Aral Sea region cannot be neglected. The creatures that survive have fewer breeding partners, so genetic diversity declines.Pollution,overfishing, andoverhunting have also caused a drop in biodiversity. In the early 1900s, Americanchestnut blightkilled most of the chestnut trees in the eastern forests of North America. We conducted a systematic review on the topic of nature-based solutions in terrestrial dryland ecosystems around the world, with a specific focus on the Aral Sea region in Uzbekistan. For example, the grass in pastures feeds cattle. (2022) The Ramsar Convention Seceretariat. The Cape Floristic Region in South Africa is home to about 6,200 plant species found nowhere else in the world. Drylands and land degradation. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. This Map Shows Where Biodiversity Is Most at Risk in America The chart shows information about four ecosystems. Check all that apply. Google Scholar, Djalilov BM, Khamzina A, Hornidge A-K, Lamers JP (2016) Exploring constraints and incentives for the adoption of agroforestry practices on degraded cropland in Uzbekistan. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Geneva. The system is dynamic and thus offers a wide range of species. Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their (Li, Chen, Zhang, & Pan, 2019), there is an ongoing drastic shrinkage of water bodies in Karakalpakstan leading to the loss of invaluable ecosystem services they provide. Every time a species goes extinct or genetic diversity is lost, we will never know whether research would have given us a new vaccine or drug. Conservation efforts are necessary to preserve biodiversity and protect endangered species and their habitats. What is an ecosystem? She or he will best know the preferred format. Since brine shrimp in the wetlands of the Aral Sea basin attract birds to feed, including flamingo (Aladin, et al., 2018), (Qi, et al., 2021), and the fact that artemia cultivation and harvesting provides local livelihood opportunities, suggest that it could provide a basis for some form of nature-based solution. Inland Waters 11:445456. . Curr Opin Environ Sustain 45:4955. Drylands, which are among the worlds most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change and cover a little less than the half of the global terrestrial surface, were the focus of this study.

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