By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. "Antimatter appears every single time matter appears," Professor Doser says. 7g divided 7 bn ways would equate to about the equivalent of 40 grams of TNT per person, something like a small hand grenade each. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released. Total solar output in all directions per day. How does that last equation (rolled back for the time being; see revision history) work out? If you wanted to capture antihydrogen without it getting annihilated, then you would have to use something called a loffe trap. Now they're back in Kyiv, Baby with bowel obstruction died after hospital's failures, coroner finds, NT Chief Minister apologises to outgoing police commissioner over retirement settlement comments, Nouma is an island paradise but for the next year you're not allowed to swim, Live: Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, Texas college baseball player accidentally shot during game, Three firefighters rushed to hospital, one critical, after factory fire south of Brisbane, Live: Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower. The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. "So this is by far the most energetic process that you can think of.". Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. The team can create thousands of antihydrogen atoms in only a second but the trap barely catches any. A positron powered spaceship would be simpler, and less dangerous than say a nuclear powered spaceship which comes with a lot more complications. Theviolence of an antimatterreactionwas clearly demonstrated when a tiny pinch of the stuff exploded over Vatican City in the fictional Dan Brown epic, Angels and Demons. This stops it from making contact with matter. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. [2], The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.1841015J). It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. [4] As such, Hui Chen of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory dismissed concerns about antimatter bombs in 2008 as "unrealistic". Nope. The worlds most powerful nuke ever created was the Tsar Bomba. An antimatter powered spaceship would have a higher thrust-weight ratio than ones powered by other fuels, which means it could travel faster. So yeah, how much antimatter would it take to level a house? Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? You get high-energy (~100 MeV) gammas, medium-energy (e.g., 511 keV) gammas, pions, muons, and neutrinos. Sorin Bastea, Laurence E. Fried, Kurt R. Glaesemann, W. Michael Howard, P. Clark Souers, Peter A. Vitello, Cheetah 5.0 User's Manual, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2007. Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2 the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4 higher for one type of metal and 7 higher for another type of metal. It's one antiparticle per hour, approximately," Professor Doser says. So far, all the antimatter created in all the particle accelerators on Earth wouldn't be enough to boil a cup of water. The neutrinos will carry away a fraction of the energy but the rest will heat the vicinity into a fireball. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. 2 kg of $E=mc^2 = 1.79 \times 10^{17} J$. A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. Now we need to know how this works in tons. Pro: Clean blasts, little of that nasty radioactive slag. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? You bet. [5], Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion proposes the use of antimatter as a "trigger"[6] to initiate small nuclear explosions; the explosions provide thrust to a spacecraft. Something like this would probably be your optimal (in terms of parsimonious use of anti matter, anyway) approach for #1 and #2. Con: You need a lotta bombs. Many people have proposed that we disarm all nuclear weapons to make the world safer. The main hurdles are the production and storage of large amounts of antimatter. Divide the energy put out by this annihilation and we get $\Delta K = 14000$. That gives you a nice $1,200 km^2$ blast incineration area. I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. At the moment of the Big Bang, all the energy of the Universe was concentrated and exploded. A quarter of a gram of antimatter threatens to unleash the power of 5,000 tons of TNT and destroy everything within a half-mile radius - or so goes the fictional story. Using the convention that 1 kiloton TNT equivalent = 4.1841012 joules (or one trillion calories of energy), one half gram of antimatter reacting with one half gram of ordinary matter (one gram total) results in 21.5 kilotons-equivalent of energy (the same as the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945). Worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings. In John Barnes' excellent Thousand Cultures series, the ultimate nasty weapon is the teleportation of antimatter into the atmosphere as a very fine dust spread over a large volume. This would cause the entire Earth to explode and break into thousands of pieces. Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. Number 3 just a really big bang deep down. It's the only way to be sure. Still a single bomb, it destroys the earth and you have plenty of time for popcorn while you wait. The only reason they dont exist yet is because they just so expensive to make. The blast radius follows Hopkinson-Cranz Law which states that identical explosives with the same geometry but different sizes and distances will produce self-similar blast waves in the same atmosphere. What if I had 1 anti-hydrogen atom or enough antimatter that's equal in "weight" to a hydrogen atom? When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? For a period of time after the Big Bang there was only energy. Now, we wouldn't want that, would we? [1] By way of comparison, the cost of the Manhattan Project (to produce the first atomic bomb) is estimated at US$23 billion in 2007 prices. thanks for the detailed answer! The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. You might still miss a submarine or two, but without space launch capabilities, zero industrial capacity, and an all-male crew, you're set anyway. The shock wave is usually spherical or hemispherical in shape. The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 10 17 J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc 2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT - slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated. The cost of creating antimatter like this makes it the world's most expensive substance. Most of the mass is antiprotons, which can annihilate with protons or neutrons, leading to $e^{\pm}$, $\gamma$, and mesons. Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. The relative effectiveness factor (RE factor) relates an explosive's demolition power to that of TNT, in units of the TNT equivalent/kg (TNTe/kg). The relative differences between two explosives with shaped charges will be even greater. But antimatter is incredibly scarce, and scientists still dont know why. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. 2 * (mass of earth) * c^2 And the answer is $1.0735089\times10^{42}$ J (joules) Wolfram Alpha gave the following helpful equivalency: $( \frac{1}{93} )\times$ energy released from a supernova $(\approx 1\times 10 . How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. The previous answer covered the bases fairly well for options 1 and 3. The first is that the technology developed in CERN's Antimatter Factory has been appliedin medical imaging tools calledPET scanners. Such weapons would easy eclipse nuclear weapons in power, e.g., 1 gram of antimatter would equal 23 space shuttle fuel tanks of energy. Interaction with the blast wave can cause severe injuries (see injury severity score calculator) depending on the stand-off distance. From some rough calculations with 10g of anti hydrogen, I came out at roughly a gigatonne of TNT's worth of energy - 1.2x10^22J. We have a mole of atoms in a gram, or a total energy release of (2 GeV)(6 x 10^23)(1.6 x 10^-19 J/eV) = 2 x 10^14 J, or 200 terajoules. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? Or a kilogram? For the similarly named weight measurements, see, The explosion from a 14-kiloton nuclear test at the. It basically all reacts at once release an enormous amount if IR -- enough to melt any rock within sight -- followed by a blast wave. The antihydrogen gets stuck in the area with the weakest magnetic field. The latter's decay chains include neutrinos, which of course, carry energy away harmlessly. - Georg Patscheider Nov 30, 2018 at 14:03 A large open explosion of TNT may maintain fireball temperatures high enough so that some of those products do burn up with atmospheric oxygen. Answer (1 of 6): Let's assume a gram of antihydrogen, which would release about 2 GeV per annihilation. A merger of two black holes, resulting in the. What Is Antimatter? Collisions between high-energy photons can result in a pair of matter/antimatter particles. This result is only bizarre for someone who has a prior commitment to the Big Bang model. Professor Doser actually thinks matter might be the evil half of this equation, with antimatter being the "good guy". Space Mechs or Tanks or Planes or Marines - Fighting in space without blowing up each other's starships. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. Another way of weaponising antimatter is to use it to power spaceships which could potentially be used for warfare. No country has considered it worth it to make one, and even the richest businessmen in the world dont have the funds to build one. [9], But, even on this basis, comparing the actual energy yields of a large nuclear device and an explosion of TNT can be slightly inaccurate. Ah yes, the multi-million dollar question. Antimatter are difficult to create and much less to contain. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. Big Bang scientists have been hoping to find some physics loopholesome tiny difference between matter and antimatterthat would allow more matter than antimatter to be produced shortly after the Big Bang, but so far they have been unsuccessful. Crash it into an iridium block. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. They did it by creating a magnetic bottle called a Minimum Magnetic Field Trap. A much smaller amount embedded near the heart could of course kill you but the grenade-sized amount insures fairly well you won't survive--particularly if it is applied all at once directly to the body. Remove a chunk from a planet? The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. Would a kilogram of antimatter be equal to a 500kg bomb of conventional Heavy Exosives? (Some say that this was adapted into the show based on people who knew Miguel Alcubierre and they put his unpunished theories into the show, but I don't think this was ever confirmed), But there are volumes of Star Trek Tech manuals that base other things "kind of" around science, or at least attempt to, like the Heisenberg Compensation in the Transporters.

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